Archive for 光电

什么是硅光电池?它的主要特性是什么?

硅光电池是一种直接把光能转换成电能的半导体器件。它的结构很简单,核心部分是一个大面积的PN结(图9)。大家可以自己做一个简单的实验,把一只透明玻璃外壳的点接触型二极管与一块微安表接成闭合回路,当二极管的管芯(PN结)受到光照时,你就会看到微安表的表针发生偏转,显示出回路里有电流,这个现象称为光生伏特效应。硅光电池的PN结面积要比二极管的PN结大得多,所以受到光照时产生的电动势和电流也大得多。例如,国产2CR型硅光电池在100mW/cm2的入射光强下,开路电压(需用高内阻的直流毫伏计测量)为450~600mV,短路电流为16~30mA,转换效率为6%~12%。
  

同学:硅光电池的受光面为什么是蓝色的?硅光电池可以串联和并联吗?
  
老师:为了减少光线在硅光电池表面的反射,在它的表面还蒸有一层一氧化硅抗反射膜,可以使反射系数由30%

光伏技术、产业及市场 简述 摘自中国电子报

光伏技术可直接将太阳的光能转换为电能,用此技术制作的光电池使用方便,特别是近年来微小型半导体逆变器迅速发展,促使其应用更加快捷。美、日、欧和发展中国家都制定出庞大的光伏技术发展计划,开发方向是大幅度提高光电池转换效率和稳定性,降低成本,不断扩大产业。目前已有80多个国家和地区形成商业化、半商业化生产能力,年均增长达16%,市场开拓从空间转向地面系统应用,甚至用于驱动交通工具。据报道,全球发展、建造太阳能住宅(光电池 作屋顶、外墙、窗户等建材用)投资规模为600亿美元,而到2005年还会再翻一倍达1200亿美元,光伏技术制作的光电池有望成为21世纪的新能源。以下按其材料分类,展示光伏技术、产业及市场发展动向。

晶体硅光电池

晶体硅光电池有单晶硅与多晶硅两大类,用P型(或n型)硅衬底,通过磷(或硼)扩散形成Pn结而制作成的,生产技术成熟,是光伏市场上的主导产品。采用埋层电极、表面钝化、强化陷 光、密栅工艺、优化背电极及接触电极等技术,提高材料中的载流子收集效率,优化抗反射膜、 凹凸表面、高反射背电极等方式,光电转换效率有较大提高。单晶硅光电池面积有限,目前比较大的为Φ10至20cm的圆片,年产能力46MW/a。目前主要课题是继续扩大产业规模,开发带状硅光电池技术,提高材料利用率。国际公认最高效率在AM1.5条件下为24%,空间用高质量的效率在AM0条件约为13.5?18%,地面用大量生产的在AM1条件下多在11?18%之间。以定向凝固法生长的铸造多晶硅锭代替单晶硅,可降低成本,但效率较低。优化正背电极的银浆和铝浆丝网印刷,切磨抛工艺,千方百计进一步降成本,提高效率,大晶粒多晶硅光电池的转换效率最高达18.6%。

非晶硅光电池

a-Si(非晶硅)光电池一般采用高频辉光放电方法使硅烷气体分解沉积而成的。由于分解沉积温度低,可在玻璃、不锈钢板、陶瓷板、柔性塑料片上沉积约1μm厚的薄膜,易于大面积化 (0.5m×1.0m),成本较低,多采用p in结构。为提高效率和改善稳定性,有时还制成三层p in 等多层叠层式结构,或是插入一些过渡层。其商品化产量连续增长,年产能力45MW/a,10MW生产线已投入生产,全球市场用量每月在1千万片左右,居薄膜电池首位。发展集成型a-Si光电池组 件,激光切割的使用有效面积达90%以上,小面积转换效率提高到14.6%,大面积大量生产的为8-10%,叠层结构的最高效率为21%。研发动向是改善薄膜特性,精确设计光电池结构和控制各层厚度,改善各层之间界面状态,以求得高效率和高稳定性。

多晶硅光电池

p-Si(多晶硅,包括微晶)光电池没有光致衰退效应,材料质量有所下降时也不会导致光电池受影响,是国际上正掀起的前沿性研究热点。在单晶硅衬底上用液相外延制备的p-Si光电池转 换效率为15.3%,经减薄衬底,加强陷光等加工,可提高到23.7%,用CVD法制备的转换效率约为 12.6-17.3%。采用廉价衬底的p-Si薄膜生长方法有PECVD和热丝法,或对a-Si:H材料膜进行后退火,达到低温固相晶化,可分别制出效率9.8%和9.2%的无退化电池。微晶硅薄膜生长与a-Si工艺相容,光电性能和稳定性很高,研究受到很大重视,但效率仅为7.7%。大面积低温p-Si膜与-Si组成叠层电池结构,是提高a-S光电池稳定性和转换效率的重要途径,可更充分利用太阳光谱,理论计算表明其效率可在28%以上,将使硅基薄膜光电池性能产生突破性进展。铜铟硒光电池
  CIS(铜铟硒)薄膜光电池已成为国际光伏界研究开发的热门课题,它具有转换效率高(已达到17.7%),性能稳定,制造成本低的特点。CIS光电池一般是在玻璃或其它廉价衬底上分别沉积多层膜而构成的,厚度可做到2?3μm,吸收层CIS膜对电池性能起着决定性作用。现已开发出反应共蒸法和硒化法(溅射、蒸发、电沉积等)两大类多种制备方法,其它外层通常采用真空蒸发或 溅射成膜。阻碍其发展的原因是工艺重复性差,高效电池成品率低,材料组分较复杂,缺乏控制薄膜生长的分析仪器。CIS光电池正受到产业界重视,一些知名公司意识到它在未来能源市场中的前景和所处地位,积极扩大开发规模,着手组建中试线及制造厂。

碲化镉光电池

CdTe(碲化镉)也很适合制作薄膜光电池,其理论转换效率达30%,是非常理想的光伏材料。可采用升华法、电沉积、喷涂、丝网印刷等10种较简便的加工技术,在低衬底温度下制造出效率12%以上的CdTe光电池,小面积CdTe光电池的国际先进水平光电转换率为15.8%,一些公司正深入研究与产业化中试,优化薄膜制备工艺,提高组件稳定性,防范Cd对环境污染和操作者的健康危害。

砷化镓光电池

GaAs(砷化镓)光电池大多采用液相外延法或MOCVD技术制备。用GaAs作衬底的光电池效率高 达29.5%(一般在19.5%左右),产品耐高温和辐射,但生产成本高,产量受限,目前主要作空间电源用。以硅片作衬底,用MOCVD技术异质外延方法制造GaAs电池是降低成本很有希望的方法。

其它材料光电池

InP(磷化铟)光电池的抗辐射性能特别好,效率达17?19%,多用于空间方面。采用SiGe单晶衬底,研制出在AM0条件下效率大于20%的GaAs/Si异质结外延光电池,最高效率23.3%。Si/ Ge/GaAs结构的异质外延光电池在不断开发中,控制各层厚度,适当变化结构,可使太阳光中各 种波长的光子能量都得到有效利用,GaAs基多层结构光电池效率已接近40%。

展望

国内自1958年起研究光伏技术,目前正加速发展光伏技术,完善、提高及应用开发a-Si 制备技术,约有30个科研单位和10个生产厂,生产能力超过5.5MW/a。由于受市场及材料问题的困扰,生产成本高,实际产量只有1.5-2MW/a。在2001-2020年,拟实施光伏电源推动计划,发展户用光伏(50W)、小型光伏(10-0KW)、特种光伏系统和联网光伏电站规划,以市场带动技术发展。

人类生活的衣、食、住、行都离不开能源,开发新能源的光伏技术已成为国际上热门课题,每年都有大型国际性会议研讨光伏技术,MW级中、大型光伏电站正在全球建设和发展,10MW级的也已建成投产。展望21世纪,效率高、成本低的薄膜化光电池将占光伏技术的主导地位,附有太阳光发电系统的住宅将会逐渐普及,二十年代有望在空间建造太阳能电站,用微波或激光等电能传输技术将电能送到地面供电。有专家建议在各大洲建立大型光伏发电站,用超导电缆连接成全球性太阳能发电厂超导联网系统,使供电不受昼夜变化影响,迎来一个光伏技术的新时代。

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中国从事太阳能研究的重点单位

上海交通大学物理系太阳能研究所
南开大学光电子所
中山大学太阳能系统研究会
中国科学院广州能源研究所
中国科学院电工研究所
河北工业大学材料学院
中国科学院半导体研究所
上海空间能源研究所
中国科学院等离子体物理研究所
中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所
四川大学材料与工程学院
郑州大学物理工程学院
航天科技集团公司五一四所
云南师范大学太阳能研究所

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Thorlabs最新推出新型OCT显微镜系统

美国Thorlabs公司最近推出的采用扫描激光光源的新型OCT显微镜系统(OCM1300SS)能够提供样品内部结构的高清晰度的二维截面影像以及样品表面的三维重现,在生物成像,材料检验,薄膜测试,三维体成像和三维表面结构重现等领域具有广泛的应用。

  

OCM1300SS
Swept source OCT microscope system
View other products from the Swept Source OCT Microscope System family

Price : $60,000.00
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国际知名光电公司

  • Acuity Laser Measurement Sensors - Manufacturer of laser measuring sensors and rangefinders for industrial, medical and academic applications. Contains company and product information.
  • Advanced Plasma Technologies - Specializes in repair, rebuilding, and reprocessing of ion lasers, including handling of systems no longer supported by original manufacturers. Provides details of available services and capabilities.
  • Agatec - France. Manufactures broad range of levelling and alignment lasers for building industry. Describes products and explains variety of interior and exterior applications.
  • Alpes Lasers SA - Swiss company focused on development and applications of unipolar laser technology. Includes detailed account of equipment and processes involved in spectroscopic recognition of contaminants in variety of situations.
  • American Laser Spares - Supplier of laser beam delivery, spare parts, repair, upgrade and retrofit for Amada, Bystronic, Cincinnati, Precitec, Trumpf, Mitsubishi, Strippit, Mazak and LaserCut.
  • Amplitude Systemes - France. Manufactures ultrafast diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Applications include micro-machining, multi-photon imaging, photo-acoustic studies, and amplifier seeding. Contains detailed product and technical information.
  • Anderson Lasers Inc. - Distributor of pre-owned industrial, research, and entertainment laser systems and components, as well as selection of optical and electronic measurement and test equipment.
  • ARGES GmbH - Germany. Manufactures scan head systems for laser marking, engraving, trimming, and micro processing requirements. Also produces optics and software. Provides detailed product information and related downloadable .pdf files.
  • Beijing Rumzing - Manufactures 60-200mw green blue and red DPSS lasers with 2% stability, temperature stabilized, TE cooled, TEM00, TTL modulation 40KHz.
  • Belgian Electronic Sorting Technology n.v. - Supplies laser, camera, LED, and X-ray sorters to perform color structural shape and density sorting, to detect foreign materials and color defects, and inspections.
  • Benchmark Maintenance Services Inc. - Canada. Specializes in laser based systems for vibration measurement and ultrasonic inspection. Applications include shaft, belt, and chain alignment, as well as measurement of squareness, flatness, straightness and parallelism.
  • Beta LaserMike USA - Manufacturer of laser gauging devices, diameter measurement systems, process control instrumentation, and ultrasonic testing equipment. Applications include fiber optic, wire and cable, extrusion, and tube manufacturing industries.
  • BLS - Manufactures lasers for diamond branding, marking over PCD die cutting to solar pannel fabrication and thin layer on glass ablation.
  • Boston Laser Inc. - Semiconductor laser manufacturing with optical engineering. Site includes product specifications.
  • Calpac Lasers - Manufacturer of laser pointers, laser diode modules and laser levels for universities, businesses, government agencies and individuals. Includes product and application information.
  • Candela Corporation - Designs, develops, manufactures and markets lasers and related accessories for use in medical, scientific and defense applications; licenses medical products for urology and oncology; and provides services in support of cosmetic laser surgery through integration of spa, health and fitness services, and laser/cosmetic centers. (Nasdaq: CLZR).
  • Checkpoint Technologies LLC - Manufactures laser scanning systems for failure diagnosis in substrates and measurement of electrical and thermal properties in silicon integrated circuit devices. Site includes detailed product and application information.
  • Clark-MXR Inc. - Specializes in manufacture of ultra fast lasers for micromachining and spectroscopy. Also offers related job shop services. Site incorporates detailed product, processing, and application information.
  • Coherent Communications Systems Corp. - World’s leading manufacturer of lasers and photonics for commercial and scientific research applications.
  • Coherent, Inc. - Designs, manufactures, and supplies electro-optical systems and medical instruments utilizing laser, precision optic and microelectronic technologies. (Nasdaq: COHR).
  • Coherent Technologies Inc. - Specializes in manufacture and application of laser based wind and air turbulence detection and measurement systems. Applications include weather stations, airports, and military installations.
  • CrystaLaser - Manufactures compact diode-pumped solid-state DPSS YAG crystal laser, including green blue red infrared and UV ultraviolet Laser in CW and Q-switched pulsed output.
  • DDC Technologies Inc. - Manufactures laser optics for medical, scientific, and industrial applications and provides software programs for solid state laser performance modeling. Site provides product details and access to downloadable demo screens.
  • DelMarTip.com - E-commerce site offering replacement parts for several brands of laser equipment. Searchable database includes brief descriptions, prices, and online ordering facility.
  • Duma Optronics Ltd. - Israel. Manufactures variety of systems for computerized measurement and analysis of optical fiber and laser beams. Includes positioning and alignment capabilities. Site provides detailed product and application information.
  • Ekips Technologies Inc. - Develops and sells tunable mid-infrared lasers and laser systems for molecular spectroscopy applications. Site includes wide selection of downloadable spectroscopy examples and molecular absorption spectra.
  • E-Laser Enterprise Co.,Ltd. - Manufacture laser modules for laser level or aimer.
  • El.En. Group - Italy. Manufactures wide range of laser systems and products for industrial, medical, scientific, and educational applications. Site incorporates detailed product and usage information.
  • Enlight Technologies Inc. - Manufactures range of laser pointers. Site incorporates product details and prices.
  • Equilasers Incorporated - Manufactures laser components and system hardware for surgical and therapeutic uses and industrial microwelding applications. Site provides detailed product information and includes recorded TV report on company’s capabilities.
  • Evergreen Laser - Remanufactures and rejuvenates most makes of laser tubes and systems. Services include evaluation and recommendations for upgrading of existing equipment. Site includes corporate and technical videos.
  • Excel Technology Asia Sdn Bhd - Malaysia. Manufactures wide range of gas and solid state lasers for scientific and industrial requirements. Site provides detailed account of products, applications, and available technical support services.
  • Exitech Advanced Laser Technology - Specializes in the use of lasers for micro and nanofabrication applications in industry and supplier of pulsed laser processing systems.
  • Extreme Lasers - Specializes in supply of modified 5mW green laser pointers, DPSS laser modules, blue lasers, and other light show components. Site incorporates FAQ page and explanation of process involved in upgrading green lasers.
  • Factory Authorized Service Inc. - Company recently formed to provide repair, maintenance, and calibration services for Beta LaserMike brand of micrometers.
  • FP Industries - Canada. Manufactures selection of alignment lasers. Site provides details of available products and examples of applications.
  • Fraunhofer Center for Laser Technology - Focuses on research and development related to laser technology, manufacturing, and applications. Site describes range of services and activities and includes links to offshoot organizations.
  • Gam Laser Inc. - Manufactures excimer and 157nm fluorine lasers for various scientific, medical, and industrial applications. Site includes extensive technical background and product information.
  • Golden Light Co. Ltd. - Korea. Manufactures diode and lamp pulsed solid state laser systems for variety of industrial machining and medical applications.
  • GSI Lumonics Inc. - Designs, develops, manufactures and markets laser-based advanced manufacturing systems for semiconductor, electronics, aerospace and automotive industries. (Nasdaq: GSLI).
  • Guidance Control Systems - Supply niche laser navigation products and software for the factory automation, robotic vehicle, and marine markets.
  • Haas Laser Technologies Inc. - Specializes in laser beam delivery components, enclosures, and custom designed and manufactured systems. Site incorporates detailed account of capabilities and product range.
  • Hama Sensors Inc. - Manufactures optoelectric reflective sensors for robotic handling and alignment of semiconductor wafers. Also produces through-beam laser micrometers for precision measurement in semiconductor and electronics industries.
  • HHR Lasers Inc. - Refurbishes, repairs, and upgrades gas lasers; stocks range of remanufactured lasers and accessories; offers consultancy and custom design of lasers; and interested in purchasing used lasers for remanufacturing.
  • High Power Devices Inc. - Manufacturers range of standard or customized high power laser diodes. Site incorporates detailed technical information regarding available products.
  • Hubei Guangtong Photoelectronic System Co., Ltd - China. Manufactures and distributes Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers, industrial laser cutting, marking, and welding machines, and broad range of related accessories. Site incorporates detailed product information.
  • I B Lazer AG - Germany. Manufactures broad range of lasers for variety of cutting, marking, structuring, and processing operations. Site provides detailed product and application information.
  • Industrial Laser Sales & Service - Canada. Distributes selection of special purpose laser cutting and levelling instruments for use in sawmills and paper, textile, and process industries. Site explains underlying control principles and range of applications.
  • Industrial Microphotonics Company - Specializes in supply of high power laser diodes and associated products. Includes unmounted bars, array submodules, and laser diode and fibre coupled arrays. Site includes handling tips and application notes.
  • IPG Photonics - Specializes in high performance fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers. Applications include communications, materials processing, test and measurement, and research markets. Site provides detailed product and usage information.
  • JENOPTIK Laserdiode GmbH - Manufacturer and distributor of high power diode lasers from 30 W to several kW for solid state laser pumping,industrial and medical applications.
  • JSC Plasma - Russia. Develops and manufactures broad range of gas lasers for industrial, medical, entertainment, and environmental protection markets. Site incorporates detailed product and application information.
  • Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories LLC - Manufactures ultrafast lasers, instrumentation equipment, and related accessories. Site includes detailed relevant technical information.
  • Keopsys SA - France. Manufactures broad range of fiber amplifiers and lasers. Applications include telecommunications, materials processing, test and measurement, and research markets. Site includes detailed product and usage information.
  • Korea Laser Tech Co. Ltd. - Manufactures and distributes range of laser equipment, primarily for the Asian market. Products include cutting, welding, marking, and display units and optical parts and attachments.
  • Lambda Physik UV - German company manufacturing wide range of UV laser products for variety of industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Includes excimer, pulsed dye, solid state tunable, and pulsed diode pumped YAG systems.
  • Laser Beam Products - British manufacturers of optics for high power CW and pulsed lasers. Includes copper, gold, and metal mirrors, beam expanders, and phase retarders. Can also supply spare parts for industrial cutting and welding lasers.
  • Laser Innovations - Repairs, services, sells, and rents various brands of ion laser systems, as well as stocking wide range of plasma tubes. Site provides comprehensive details of available products and services.
  • Laser Optics and Mechanisms - Distributes parts and consumables for major brands of laser equipment. Includes optics, nozzles, and consumables for plasma cutting and metrology applications.
  • Laser Precise - Laser processing service center and fabricator.
  • Laser Products - Specializes in the manufacture and distribution of compact laser systems for the flooring, building, remodeling and manufacturing industries that accomplish square, level, slopes, plumb and measurements and custom applications.
  • Laser Resale Inc. - Buys, sells, and brokers used and surplus lasers, laser systems, associated equipment, and optical laboratory products. Site incorporates details and asking prices of current inventory.
  • LaserJamb - Laser based device with variety of applications for determining correct positioning and alignment. Uses include cabinetmaking and electrical, door, wall, and window installations. Site provides details of product and uses.
  • Laserlight Europe BV - Manufacture the brand Laserati laser system which is geared towards the industrial rubber stamp industry.
  • Lasermate Group, Inc. - Manufacturer and distributor of laser diode modules and related products for communication and optoelectronic applications. Provides detailed product information.
  • LaserPath Technologies - Specializes in standard and customized lasers and electro-optic products for the photonics research community.
  • Laserquipment Ag - Development and production of machines for laserbeam-welding of thermoplastic materials, including hardware, software and processdiagnostics.
  • LaserSource - Specializes in supply of forklift laser guidance system. Site describes objectives, which include reduction in accidents and product damage, as well as increase in operator efficency and productivity.
  • Lasertech Group Inc. - Canada. Manufactures laser systems and trace detection instrumentation. Applications include communications, crystal growing, film deposition, radar, research, photo-acoustics, process control, and spectroscopy.
  • Lee Laser Inc. - Specializes in manufacture of lamp and diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers for variety of industrial and science equipment applications. Examples include use in marking, engraving, cutting, drilling, and welding systems.
  • Leister Process Technologies - Switzerland. Manufactures wide selection of laser based welding and soldering equipment. Includes hand tools through to automated systems. Extensive site provides detailed product and application information.
  • Lenox Laser Corp. - Specializes in laser microhole drilling and creation of minute apertures and slits in a variety of substrates. Site incorporates extensive account of capabilities and applications.
  • LG Laser Technologies GmbH - Germany. Supplies wide range of customized laser systems. Includes equipment for industrial and medical testing and measurement, material surface treatment, printing quality control, and entertainment displays.
  • Light Age Inc. - Specializes in tunable solid-state alexandrite laser systems for variety of aesthetic, medical, scientific research, material processing, and product development applications. Site incorporates account of underlying technology and benefits.
  • LIMAB - Swedish company specializing in manufacture of laser gauges, sensors, and non contact measurement systems. Site provides examples of applications in steelmill, sawmill, gypsum board, wood sheet, and cable industries.
  • Limo Lissotschenko Microoptik GmbH - Germany. Manufactures customized micro optics and high power diode lasers. Site incorporates detailed product specifications and application information.
  • Lite Cycles Inc. - Company involved in research, development, and manufacture of products based on application of Raman laser technology. Site incorporates list of technical papers and detailed biographies of founders and other staff members.
  • Litron - Manufacturer of laster hermetic sealing systems and contract provider of laser sealing services. Product details and company information.
  • Lumics GmbH - Germany. Specializes in manufacture of fiber optic components, with focus on production of pump lasers and modules, laser diodes, and submounted laser chips. Main application is for optical networks.
  • MCE Lasers - Australian manufacturer of alignment and levelling lasers for the agricultural, building, civic, and mining industries. Site contains product and application information.
  • Meredith Instruments - Sells, run auctions, and offers repair service on surplus laser parts and equipment. General focus is on helium-neon products. Site includes details of available items and current auctions.
  • Microtex Electronics Inc. - Sells refurbished laser micrometer units and related equipment. Site includes details of current inventory. Also offers emergency repair and preventive maintenance services.
  • Millennium Lasers Ltd. - UK. Manufactures broad range of laser tubes for variety of industrial, medical, and scientific markets. Applications include cutting, marking, engraving, drilling, welding, heat treatment, scribing, and perforation.
  • Modu-Laser, LLC - Manufactures modular, compact, reliable, air-cooled, ion lasers for research, entertainment, instrumentation, medical and OEM applications.
  • Moduloc Control Systems - Distributor of industrial laser sensors, detectors and measurement systems to the Steel, Aluminum and Metals Industries. Site contains product information.
  • Molecular Technology GmbH - Germany. Specializes in supplies for the laser industry. Includes optical parts, wafers and substrates, solid-state laser items, and organic, inorganic, and scintillating crystals. Site incorporates detailed product information.
  • Newport Corporation - Manufactures a broad range of laser and optical components and devices for industrial, medical, and research markets. Site incorporates detailed product information.
  • Norseld Pty. Ltd. - Australia. Designs and manufactures copper bromide lasers for variety of medical, industrial, and scientific applications. Site includes details of available products and examples of uses.
  • Nutfield Technology Inc - Manufacturers specializing in supply of galvanometer based optical scanning products. Site incorporates technical and application details.
  • Nuvonyx Inc. - Manufactures laser systems based on high power direct diode technology. Applications include brazing, curing, metal cladding, paint stripping, seam welding, and surface hardening. Site includes demonstration video clips.
  • Opus Medical Inc. - Canada. Specializes in supply and application of diode laser products for removal of unwanted hair. Site explains underlying technical details and shows example of results.
  • Oxford Lasers - UK. Produces variety of specialized laser devices, with emphasis on high speed imaging and precision micromachining. Site provides detailed account of products, applications, and additional corporate capabilities.
  • Pacific Laser Systems - Manufactures self-leveling laser layout tools. Site includes product and dealer information.
  • Paragon Laser Systems - Offering q-switched and continuous wave lasers, that are fiber optically delivered and air-cooled.
  • Parallax Technology Inc - Manufactures CO2 lasers and replacement tubes for a variety of industrial and medical applications. Site incorporates extensive information about products, prices, applications, and available services.
  • pb-laser.com - Site describes patented laser produced in China, with claim to higher beam quality than conventional products. Uses include industrial processing, research and development, and medical applications.
  • PD-LD Inc. - Markets fiber optic components for broad range of applications. Includes laser diodes and light sources, bi-directional devices, attenuators, LEDs, detectors, and collimators. Company is member of consortium headed by Princeton University.
  • Phoenix Photonix Inc. - Sells, leases, services, and provides training in aesthetic laser equipment used for hair and tattoo removal and other dermatology applications. Also offers pre-owned items and supplies safety and similar accessories.
  • Photonic Products Ltd - Manufacturer and distributor of standard and custom designed laser diode modules and optics and red, infrared and blue-violet laser diodes. Provides technical specifications and examples of applications. UK.
  • Photonic Solutions - UK. Distributor of lasers and accessories for science and industry. Site contains product information.
  • Photonics Industries International Inc. - Manufacturer diode and lamp pumped solid state laser systems with harmonic generation and tunable wavelength features and benefits. Applications include micromachining, stereolithography, and photopolymerization.
  • Pinpoint Laser Systems - Manufactures wide selection of laser measurement and alignment equipment. Site provides detailed product and application information.
  • PLT Technology, Inc. - Designs, manufactures, and sells high power semiconductor lasers in standard and custom wavelength, power, and package configurations.
  • Princetel Inc. - Manufactures broad range of fiber optic components and modules. Includes pigtailed and receptacle laser/photo diode modules and turnkey laser diode light sources. Site provides detailed product information.
  • Process Photonics - Manufactures automated laser material processing, handling and inspection systems and offers opto-electronic and opto-mechanical product development services.
  • QPhotonics, LLC - Specializes in supply of fiber-coupled high brightness laser diodes, OEM modules, and turnkey systems in 660-1800 nm range. Site includes details of available products and suggested applications.
  • Quantel - France. Manufactures broad range of lasers and laser systems. Site provides details of available products and examples of industrial, scientific, and medical applications.
  • Quarton USA Co. Ltd. - Manufacturers of laser diodes for variety of applications. Range includes pointers, beamshots, light show instrument, and builders measuring tools. Site includes FAQ section and permits online shopping.
  • RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems - Austria. Manufactures laser based rangefinders, distance and level sensors, speed meters, and scanner systems. Site includes detailed technical and application information.
  • SCANLAB AG - Germany. Manufactures variety of positioning and deflection systems for lasers and other optical beams. Site provides detailed product and application information and access to downloadable brochures.
  • Scantron Industrial Products Ltd. - UK. Manufactures laser-based, non-contact dimensional measurement equipment. Applications include determination of profile, diameter, length, thickness, velocity, distance, and displacement.
  • Scientific Development and Integration - South Africa. Research group focused on development of pulsed gas lasers for scientific, medical, and industrial applications. Site includes detailed product information, examples of projects, and related technical notes and data.
  • Seiffert Industrial - Manufactures precision alignment products that incorporate patented reflective laser beam technology. Site provides product and application information and includes animated demonstration of horizontal and vertical pulley alignment process.
  • Shanghai Dream Lasers Technology Co., Ltd. - Manufacturers of lasers, crystals and optics with information about the company, products and contacts.
  • Shanghai Uniwave Technology Co. Ltd. - China. Manufactures range of low power diode pumped solid state lasers, components, and crystals. Site provides product details and contact information.
  • Sigm Plus Co. - Russia. Specializes in manufacture of epiwafers for laser diodes, as well as laser modules, laser diodes, and laser diode drivers. Site provides detailed product information.
  • SLCR Lasertechnik GmbH - Germany. Manufactures laser systems designed for surface treatment. Applications include decoating, depainting, cleaning, and marking. Service include feasibility studies and recommendations regarding suitability of equipment.
  • SLS Optics Limited - UK. Manufacturer specialized range of laser components, including those known as etalons. Site provides detailed information regarding products and applications in wide range of industries.
  • Spectrum A.T.N. Ltd. - Canada. Distributes broad range of laser systems, products, components, crystals, and accessories. Applications include science, industry, medicine, and art restoration.
  • Spin One - Offers selection of products and services for laser based research and industrial lab requirements. Includes thermoelectric cooler drivers/controllers for diode laser arrays and other large heat loads.
  • Spiricon Inc. - Specializes in application of camera and software based laser beam analyzers. Site provides extensive technical background and product information with details for ordering literature and arranging system demonstration.
  • Suncoast Technologies Inc. - Manufactures range of laser components. Includes head blocks and tops, ellipses, aperture and mirror mounts, shutter assemblies, and mechanical rail kits. Can also provide precision machine services.
  • Surg/Assist Inc. - Manufactures laser smoke evacuation units, related accessories, and a laser system for a variety of medical procedures. Site includes detailed discussion of product features, benefits, and applications.
  • Tekhnoscan JSC - Manufacturer of lasers and laser-related products for a variety of scientific, technological, medical, and other applications.
  • Telsar - Provides laser repair, service agreements,laser accessories, pre-owned lasers and safety equipment.
  • Time-Bandwidth Products AG - Switzerland. Manufactures ultrafast lasers. Applications include material processing, medical diagnosis, sensoring, testing, and communications. Site explains nature, features, and benefits of underlying technology.
  • Trimble Florida - Full service, regionally based distributors of Trimble and Spectra Precision brands of positioning products. Detailed site includes information on laser products for broad range of construction and agriculture requirements.
  • TuiLaser AG - Germany. Specializes in applications of excimer laser technology for treatment and restructure of material surfaces. Includes equipment for micromachining, vision correction, heart surgery, and semiconductor manufacture.
  • Umicore Laser Optics - UK. Manufactures range of optical components and industrial beam-delivery systems for CO2 lasers. Site provides detailed information regarding products, applications, and related technology.
  • Unique-Mode AG - An OEM manufacturer of highpower diodelaser modules used for pumping EDFAs in the telecom industry or DPSSL ín the medical technology. From Germany.
  • U.S. Laser Corporation - Full service manufacturer of lasers, laser components, and laser systems. Applications include welding, cutting, micromachining, marking, heat treatment, and surface processing. Site incorporates detailed product catalogue.
  • Virtek Vision International Inc. - Virtek manufactures precision laser-based systems for laser marking, laser engraving, quality inspection and templating. Virtek serves customers in the prefabricated construction, transportation, metalworking, tool and die and mold making industries.
  • Visotek - Designer and manufacturer of optical components and fiber coupled actively cooled high power diode laser systems with beam shaping. Michigan, USA.
  • Wavelength Technology - Singapore company supplying wide range of optics, spare parts, and accessories for industrial, medical, and R&D lasers. Site incorporates detailed product information.
  • World StarTechnologies Inc. - Canada. Manufactures variety of laser diode modules. Includes red, green, infrared, line, cross, and detection versions. Site includes technical product and application details.
  • Zaubertek Inc. - Offers selected range of laser products and services. Includes specialized attachment for spectrometers, infrared semiconductor laser, and neutron activated method of forgery detection and document recovery.
  • Z-LASER Optoelektronik GmbH - Germany. Manufactures variety of laser products for positioning and alignment applications. Site provides details of product range and examples of uses in cutting metal, concrete, glass, and other materials.
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    Lumics 推出1KW激光光源

    【摘要】2007年4月24日,德国Lumics公司今天推出LU0940C1000 1kW输出的泵浦激光器光源。

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    法布里-珀罗(FP-LD)半导体激光器

    法布里-珀罗激光器(FP-LD)是最常见、最普通的半导体激光器,它最大的特点是激光器的谐振腔由半导体材料的两个解理面构成。目前光纤通信上采用的FP-LD的制作技术已经相当成熟,普遍采用双异质结多量子阱有源层、载流子与光分别限制的结构。

        半导体激光器由于边界条件的不同,存在三个方向的模式问题。沿激光器输出方向形成的驻波模式称为纵模,垂直于有源层方向的模式称为垂直横模,平行于有源层并和输出方向垂直的模式称为水平横模。在光通信领域中,至少要求激光器工作在基横模状态。对于FP-LD来说,基横模实现比较容易,主要通过控制激光器有源层的厚度和条宽来实现,常用的结构有掩埋异质结、脊波导等。而纵模控制就有一定的困难,FP-LD利用一对相互平行的反射镜进行纵模选择,通常激光器的长度在数百微米的量级,对应的模式间距为1 nm的量级,而激光器的增益谱宽度达100 nm的量级,多纵模激射的可能性相当大。对于一般的FP-LD,当注入电流在阈值电流附近时,可以观察到多个纵模;进一步加大注入电流,谱峰处的某个波长首先激射,消耗了大部分载流子,压制其它模式的激射,有可能形成单纵模工作;当对FP-LD进行高速调制时,原有的激射模式就会发生变化,出现多模工作。这就决定了FP-LD不能应用于高速光纤通信系统。但是相对其它结构的激光器来说,FP-LD的结构和制作工艺最简单,成本最低,适用于调制速率小于622 Mbit/s的光纤通信系统。目前商用的1.3 ?滋m FP-LD阈值电流在10 mA以下,输出功率在10 mW左右(注入电流为2~3 Ith,Ith为阈值电流)因此在光纤接入网中获得广泛应用。
        目前FP-LD的主要发展趋势在于研发无制冷器件和进一步降低制作成本。传统的FP-LD的谐振腔通过解理实现,在性能测试的时候需要对解理过的单个尺寸为数百微米量级的激光器进行操作,生产效率较低。如果能用其他方法形成反射镜面,然后在整个衬底上对单个激光器进行测试,则大大提高生产效率并降低成本。采用等离子体刻蚀的方法可以获得垂直光滑的反射镜面,使得这种激光器和传统的端面解理的FP-LD具有相同的性能,并且可以在同一衬底上将激光器和光探测器集成,从而形成了基于整个衬底的激光器加工工艺路线,有可能大大降低成本。

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    GaN基半导体激光器仿针与参数优化问题

    GaN半导体材料的商业应用研究开始于1970年,其在高频和高温条件下能够激发蓝光的独特性质从一开始就吸引了半导体开发人员的极大兴趣。由于GaN半导体器件在光显示、光存储、激光打印、光照明以及医疗和军事等领域有着广阔的应用前景,GaN器件的广泛应用将预示着光电信息乃至光子信息时代的来临。因此,以GaN为代表的第三代半导体材料被誉为IT产业新的发动机。近几年世界各国政府有关机构、相关企业以及风险投资公司纷纷加大了对GaN基半导体材料及其器件的研发投入和支持。风险投资机构同样表现出很大的兴趣,近三年内向该领域总计投入了约5亿美元的资金。

        GaN基LD是迄今波长最短的半导体激光器,是光存储技术进一步发展的急需器件,是国家“863”计划攻关的重点项目之一。发光波段在400~ 410nm 的GaN 基蓝紫光激光器是高密度光存储系统中最有希望的光源. 1996年, 日本日亚公司的中村(N akam u ra) 宣布实现室温下连续激射的蓝紫光激光器。此后, GaN 基激光器方面的研究取得一系列的重大突破. 目前, 已经有包括日亚、索尼和Cree 在内的多家公司获得了实用的激光器。GaN 基激光器的设计和制造意义十分重大。而GaN基半导体激光器仿针与参数优化问题成为设计GaN基半导体激光器的关键。

        1.半导体激光器仿真的研究现状

        激光器的模拟方法从早期的一维模拟, 求解泊松方程、载流子连续性方程、波方程、光子速率方程, 发展到二维模拟, 加入热流方程、非线性增益抑制、全矢量波方程。半导体激光器的数值模拟开始于20世纪70年代初。直至80年代初, 半导体激光器的数值模拟还是基于一维和准二维模型之上的。在Wilt 等人的准二维模型中, 对方程在有源区和限制层中的两个方向上进行了分离。自80年代中后期开始出现了二维模拟器。至今, 对半导体激光器的完全三维模拟仍未见报道。

        关于半导体激光器的模拟的方法现在人不断见诸报道。概括的讲,常见的数值方法不外乎有限元法,有限差分法,以及它们针对波传输的优化算法,如BPM。然而,文献上所报道的计算方法往往是针对一些具体问题的,通用性受到限制。量子阱激光器作为光通信和光信息处理系统中的重要器件之一, 研究开发量子阱激光器是信息科学领域的一个重要方面, 其计算机辅助分析与设计也是这个领域的重要研究课题。开发一通用, 精确模拟软件为人们所重视。

        加拿大的CrossLight.Inc公司开发的crosslight软件包是一个强大的用于器件仿真的软件。该软件可以对量子阱激光器的物理行为进行全面的仿真,可以计算如阈值电流、载流子分布、温度常分布等特性。国内一些单位也设计了一些专门针对量子阱激光器的软件,如QWCAD。该软件的模拟方法从早期的一维模拟, 求解泊松方程、载流子连续性方程、波方程、光子速率方程, 发展到二维模拟, 加入热流方程、非线性增益抑制、全矢量波方程。QWCAD 目前对于异质结模拟仍然采用这些方程和模型, 但对于量子阱结构, QWCAD 引入薛定谔方程, 并在模拟过程中调用增益计算模块,处理应变所引发的增益变化。为此付出的代价是模拟速度的降低, 但算法的优化和计算机的迅速发展也会逐步缓解这一问题。

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    电泵浦硅激光器项目挑战III-V族光电材料

    麻省理工学院(MIT)微光学技术中心开始一项360万美元、挑战III-V族光电材料的“芯片级纳米光电系统用电泵浦硅激光器”项目,此项目为美国国防部投资的MURI(多学科大学研究启动)计划的一部分。 

     
        虽然目前英特尔公司已开发出光泵浦硅激光器,但由于硅的间接能带隙特性,实现电泵浦型似乎还遥遥无期。但如果硅能以这种方式发射激光,将对III-V族光电材料形成巨大的冲击。
     
        由Lionel Kimerling(MIT材料加工中心与微光学中心主任)领导的合作研究小组列举了电泵浦激光器技术的优点:能以光学方式连接磁心存储器或芯片的存储器部分,在加快片内通信速度的同时降低功率要求;可利用激光器将芯片与其他外部设备相连,开创芯片设计的又一全新领域(在同一芯片上使用同一工具组就可对包括激光器的光学器件和晶体管进行加工处理)。
     
        研究小组目前锁定两种制备电泵浦硅激光器的方法:一,在SiO2或Si3N4介电矩阵的基础上(此环境可有效激活铒的发光能力),将纳米晶体硅与铒掺杂制备光波1550nm的光源。电子-空穴对可在纳米晶体上被捕获并重新结合,释放出的能量在有效地传递给铒原子后生成1550nm的光。此方法的关键之一为利用光学谐振腔来实现光放大,但问题在于如何在室温下成功实现谐振发射呢;另一个方法就是在硅上沉积锗做为直接能带隙活性激光材料。此方法可在毫瓦级功耗上制备大功率激光源,且可与光纤网络集成。 

        小组称,无论采取哪种方法,其目的都是将激光器件与CMOS工艺接轨,使这些光学器件可集成于微芯片上,同时,实现批量生产。

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    Aixtron, WEP benefit as Institute buys German

    In brief: Aixtron, Emcore, SiGe Semiconductor

    17 April 2007

    University of Braunschweig completes installation of a Thomas Swan epitaxy reactor and CV profiler; Emcore buys video transport business Opticomm; SiGe appoints new president and CEO.

    Aixtron, WEP benefit as Institute buys German
    The University of Braunschweig’s prestigious Institute for Semiconductor Technology has been embracing key new technologies to move its research program forward.

    The installation of a Thomas Swan “Close Coupled Showerhead” (CCS) reactor, produced by Aachen-based Aixtron, will provide the group with high-quality GaN and ZnO epitaxial materials.

    The Institute’s Andreas Waag said, “We have been very satisfied with the performance of our existing Aixtron systems. Now we require the newest generation of MOCVD processes for even more sophisticated optoelectronics and nanostructures.”

    The same group has also purchased a CVP21 profiler from German CV wafer profiling specialists Ingenieurbüro Wolff für Elektronik- und Programmentwicklungen (WEP), for the investigation of layer interfaces and doping levels.

    Emcore close initial $4m Opticomm purchase deal
    US compound semiconductor chip maker Emcore has purchased the San Diego fiber-optic systems business Opticomm.

    The initial $4m stock deal may increase in value depending upon additional profit contributed by Opticomm.

    Emcore expects the acquired business to be profitable upon completing integration, adding $7m to its annual sales in 2007.

    Opticomm’s flagship product is the Optiva Platform, a complete system for optical communications, which complements other technologies gained from Emcore’s recent purchase of Force Inc.

    New CEO and President at SiGe Semiconductor
    Sohail Khan has been appointed as the chief executive officer and president of Ottawa-based wireless components company SiGe semiconductor.

    Sohail Khan
    Sohail Khan

    Coming to the company from an entrepreneurial role with Bessemer Venture Partners, Khan includes a period as president of Lucent’s Integrated Circuits – Microelectronics division on his impressive CV, growing SiGe’s presence in cellular handsets and base stations.

    “I look forward to building on the company’s strong foundation of leading technology and hope to expand our market share in wireless applications,” Khan said.

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    Nufern公司推出高功率单频保偏光纤放大器

    Nufern,全球最大的光纤激光器模块,光纤放大器模块以及特种光纤制造商,宣布推出NuAMP-SF系列高功率,偏振保持(PM),单频光纤放大器。这种一体化设计的光纤放大器模块用来放大低功率超窄线宽单频种子激光光源,例如DFB光纤激光器或者采用固体激光器技术(NPRO激光器),饱和输出功率可达10W。 
          Nufern公司的营销副总裁Andy Held指出:我们设计和推出的NuAMP-SF系列高功率,偏振保持(PM),单频光纤放大器考虑到了不同用户的使用要求,光纤放大器模块集成了泵浦激光二极管,自动关机锁定,输入输出信号监控,以及输入输出光隔离器用来防止不必要的光路回波反射对光纤放大器和种子光源可能造成的损坏。 
          标准的光纤放大器能够放大1um波段kHz线宽的低功率信号到10W,同时2W和5W的产品也可以提供,作为非标准的产品,Nufern可以根据用户的要求提供1.5um波段的类似的光纤放大器模块。所有的型号均采用了Nufern公司在工业界领先的大模场光纤技术,克服光纤非线性效应,例如布里渊散射(Brillouin Scattering).独特的光纤放大器设计能够严格的保持种子信号源的光谱特性,例如窄线宽,相关的强度噪声和偏振消光比等。 
          Nufern公司单频保偏(PM)光纤放大器是一款高效率,具有出色的光学性能和可靠性的产品,可以在众多领域得到应用,例如:传感系统,激光测距,激光雷达(LIDAR),Atom Trapping,Helium Pumping,光谱学等等。

    评论

    « Previous entries Project-Id-Version: Wordpress POT-Creation-Date: PO-Revision-Date: 2007-05-16 16:18+0800 Last-Translator: Xiaoyu Huang <007pig@gmail.com> Language-Team: 007pig <007pig@gmail.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Poedit-Country: CHINA X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8 X-Poedit-Basepath: D:\phpfiles\wordpress22 Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0; Project-Id-Version: Wordpress POT-Creation-Date: PO-Revision-Date: 2007-05-16 16:18+0800 Last-Translator: Xiaoyu Huang <007pig@gmail.com> Language-Team: 007pig <007pig@gmail.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Poedit-Country: CHINA X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8 X-Poedit-Basepath: D:\phpfiles\wordpress22 Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;